Nail structure
Nail root, also known as the germinal matrix, is a tissue lying beneath the skin behind the fingernail, extending several millimeters into the finger. The matrix contains nerves and blood vessels and is supplied with nutrients by the blood vessels. It is the most sensitive part of the entire nail structure. The edge of the matrix is the white, crescent-shaped part called the Lunula (half-moon).
Nail bed is all of the soft tissue beneath the nail. It plays an important role in the health, color and texture of the nail. It contains blood vessels, nerves and melanocytes, or melanin-producing cells.
Nail plate is the actual fingernail, made of keratin. It is the hard surface of the nail. Its pale pink color comes from blood vessels underneath the nail. Although the nail plate looks like one, single piece, it is composed of three layers which vary in consistency; the outermost layer being the hardest, the innermost the softest.
The cuticle lies between the skin and the nail plate, providing a waterproof barrier.
The cuticle constantly produces new cells. It can grow onto the nail surface, split into hangnails, and can even slow down nail growth.
The nail tip is the most vulnerable part of the nail and can be easily damaged.
